This article is part of a series on "Buddha or Buddha." First past the post entitled "Know-Buddha-Buddha" on health education magazine, No. 38 - Months 5/6 2000 (California, USA). Buddha tendency to use words like 'new' evident within twenty years, especially through the writings of Thich Nhat Hanh. This will provide facts demonstrate cultural language of the Buddha (Nom core) is more ancient form of Chinese Buddhism from Vietnam, so tendency to use Buddha is not 'new' as many people mistakenly thought that the truth is 'Yes', and trying to do ... It is no accident that Professor Joseph Edkins (in "Chinese Buddhism" Chapter XXV, 1893) has been taken out of the ancient music form Fo (Buddha's voice read in modern Beijing) But is: Whose completely unaware he had been long in Vietnamese! Bus reincarnation (samsara  संसार ) not only human transport, but also the history of man's language?
 Linguistics (Linguistics, Linguistics particularly History / Historical Linguistics) entered a new phase when researchers began setting up the system compares the facts in an objective language ^first , not the world - through the discovery (law, statistics) to find out - new discoveries also started birth so intimately close with data from language (admission is increasingly more and more accurate than the old). Linguistics from orbit that got rid of the traditional humanities to progress gradually to a more exact science. Typically, the relationship between the initial consonant in English, French, Spanish, Latin, German ... but we are quite familiar. For example Grimm's law related directly to the topic of this article. Sound Grimm's Law (Grimm's law, also known as Grimm's law-Rask's, First Germanic sound shift) was born around 1822 .. This law recognized the similarity of the first consonant in the Indo-European language family (Indo-European languages) as the vocal strength (strong sounds) become weaker sound (sounds weak): for example,    b, d, g  becomes p , t, k and then the   f, θ , x ... etc. .. For example, fish (fish, in English), Fisch (Germany) is poisson (France), Pez (Spain), Piscis (Latin ) ... warp (curved, English), varpa (Sweden), werpen (Netherlands), verber (Latin) ... and with the opinion that the natural tendency of speech sounds (the side Audio pronunciation at the same location lip and teeth) Grimm's law should not only present in the Indo-European language family, but can also apply to other language systems. For example, Kara language (in New Ireland, Papua New Guinea under) ² have the relationship (BPF / min) as follows
 * Bulan> Fulan (Moon)
* tapine> tefin (woman)
...
 Looking back on the language Southeast Asia, especially the Chinese, Sino-Vietnamese: it is no coincidence that Easter Hy 伏羲 or 宓羲 are also known as Bao Xi ( 庖羲 ), Bao Xi (包羲) , as well as Phung Khac Drilling 冯克宽 also known as Status Outbreak (he is originally from the village of Bung , social Phung Xa) ... This section is limited to the variable audio b> p> f (ph-) in Chinese, Sino-Vietnamese (HV) and Vietnam. The data in all languages ​​can not quote sources because it is easily checked, except for some material Linguistics or data sources is particularly important for this post. The letters marked with an asterisk (asterisk) is standing in front of ancient music form reconstructions (reconstructed form). The writer will avoid using the term Buddhism, Linguistics ... do you read the reviews and comments of all data easier. Do not confuse the order number for the note and tone of the article. The following section demonstrates the phenomenon somewhat Buddha-Buddha in Vietnamese is actually a pretty clear case definition reflects the ancient Vietnamese music exists than the Sino-Vietnamese pronunciation enter back into the system than from the Tong Street , as well as cases that 12 animal names. Looking more broadly, through Sanskrit and Buddhist scriptures from the Chinese capital has become very rich. There are Chinese scholars, such as Professor Peter Hu (Jiangsu University) in the article "Adapting English to Chinese", 1. General introduction  and two from Buddha Buddha has left a deep mark in the history of Vietnam language, traces also found in folk proverbs of folklore as idioms vegetarian Buddhist concept and "Close to the temple called Buddha with his, for lack of Buddha Buddha, Buddha Buddha's pay (the 'temple' or not of itself make it not durable, easy come easy go), cracked hands full moon day Buddha, Buddha chicken on building stars eye surgery, Buddha (Buddhist) not the holy, the sacred Buddha temple not go home for the street Shakyamuni, the Buddha did not even ma bum, many settling the little Buddha, sitting as real mallow (sitting room), sitting as hibiscus wood, the temple has broken Golden Buddha (Buddha golden temple land), fresh as the Buddha, as Buddha (as ground sage, sage as expensive room, as dough), put pen to throw bird well, Though built round nine match-map - not by doing signify a person being examined for an i, go with the Buddha wearing Kesa - Go with paper dress ma  ... etc ... "  Or Mouth na model (male pattern) extend the dagger      (idiom)  village temple fit, style Whose scene               (poetry) that the pen's immense immense Master                          (Second Level Mai) Just wish Buddha invoking God                          (II High-Mai) is pleased Chin Buddha                                              (Cu Lac Dao Tran) Integrity remember not sharp, the Buddha's lap                      (Nguyen Trai) Not easy to Shakyamuni Buddha who is / Everything's meaning through the ring (Nguyen Binh Khiem) ... etc. ... Other than that pencil in Vietnamese, also Buddhist presence in folk proverbs in Chinese culture and Vietnam - but the influence is clearly way from China via VN: Buddhist equanimity export佛心蛇口(usually hear Buddhist equanimity import or export Buddhist equanimity ... more) ³ Buddhist holy center gate佛口圣心, A Buddhist Matsu啊佛骂祖(dare do dare say ...) Simplified Buddhist incense burning拣佛烧香(which also select the Buddha, the exterior looks good to take advantage of ...) Reporter lower creep strength, a Buddhist site放下屠刀,立地成佛(skip past the bad to become good / Buddha right ...) (Provisional) storm Buddha charge临时抱佛脚(with new stories to bridge the Buddha - Chinese proverb into the Eastern Han. VN folklore handed down "days usually do not burn incense, to hug his feet crashed" - quote 'Dictionnaire francais vietnamien Chinois' by Gustave Hue (1937) Buddha Ta flowers donations借花献佛(taking toys donated by people who Other borrowing pig head porridge ...) kindness Buddha nature, Buddha head portion audience, except for the first Buddha, Buddha head of UE (佛性禅心佛头着粪佛头着粪佛头加秽), is calculate the Buddha见性成佛... etc. ... By the way folklore noted above, we are very difficult to distinguish the level of penetration of two from Buddha and Buddhism - the problem will clear going into reading and resources original text (Chinese) of these two words. 2. The current reading of the Buddha and Buddhist Vietnam         Buddha (Folk) than Buddhist (Vietnamese Chinese / HV) - Muong (Bi)   put (Buddha), Buddha (Buddhism) - as 'open Lienh temple that put' (up Buddha temple which see) Gia Rai           monuih poseh (Buddha) Khmer              Put - call heaven like 'Oh Buddha' is 'Put raw' (compared to my God, my God, Mom ... Vietnamese) Koho              ​​Phok - Buddha rubles Phok Thai                 พุทธ poot - พระพุทธ รูป statue pra-poot-ta-ta-Roop Myanmar       (Burma) Buda Laos                 Phuth - Phutho / phudo (edema, Buddha) Nung                PUT Care / Indigo   Bhik, Phik (with documented the frist ⁴ ) Beijing / BK fu, fo, bundle (in pinyin) than maize (Shanghai) is with?, Taiwanese accent is hut8, fut8 (for the first consonants f, b, v) - Cantonese accent is fat6 FAT1 bat6, Shallot is fut8; Chaozhou tone (Reef) is hug8, hug4 (huk) Japan                 butsu, Futsu, hotsuふつ仏kanji - Buddha refers to the deceased (rhetorical) Japanese tend to majority of (glottalisation) as the first consonant environment BEI cows BK north HV> Hoku / two - white bouquet BK HV> haku / byaku - cows / ha three BK three Vietnamese / Japanese ... There should be three types of variable negative but three-foot-and hot-as compared with tone on Taiwan Loan South                 pwul (pul), phil 불 Malay / Indonesian   Buda ... etc. ... A preliminary remarks when viewing table compares the voice on the southern Chinese (Cantonese, Hakka, Chinese Vietnamese) are of the form f ( or ph-). Nom孛powder (Comet) Residential pencil in Lac Dao Tran, HV and佛Buddha showed two consonants b-and f-together presence, this remarkable because this phenomenon (an editor and two Buddha) in Vietnamese only. 3. The neck reading than go back in time and based on such documents Kangxi China / The Transport / Road transport, sound medieval Chinese Buddhism is佛 唐韵【】 【】 【集韵韵会】 【正韵】符勿切,音咈[Road Transport] [corpus] [Games] [chief of] proper character set, sound waving 集韵】 【】 【正韵蒲没切,音浡[corpus] [Chief Transportation] published a set, audio powder - used as turn同弼(also under Kangxi copy) It is clear that there are two different readings and waving powder / Buddha Tang Tong. How to read popular now (voice BK) is but rarely that bundle FO (recorded in pinyin / pinyin). Going back in time beyond the deadline, according to the Buddhist Theory of Self佛Literature Prize was recorded Kidney Promise received the 4995见不审也.从人弗声is no market wild - implies not clear, such as how to use a subtle ⁵ (仿佛or Broadcast仿佛) that Vietnamese also maintain sound and meaning very ancient way Using 'Where silhouette subtle, subtle sound ear ...' The origin of the word Buddha shows the kind words stick figures, just as promised Kidney commented - though he noted that the Buddha is not the Buddha ( Buddha) in the Eastern Han.


 

 

 
 
 
 
 




 


































Buddhas are not present in the needle arts and cultural borders remains: this suggests that part-time Buddhism entered China culture - not before time frequency; In a nutshell, writing forms (Chinese) Buddha is capable of generating word or taken from other formats and for a negative sign language 'foreign' (we will see in the following: foreign language is English Sanskrit, Ancient Vietnamese) into ancient oriental culture. 4. The root of the Buddha and Buddhist Sanskrit Nam Son About 4.1 Under the profile, the 'Buddha Sanskrit, edema ... Maybe by circulating false. Here not only people, feeling translated means ... '; According to the Digital Luan Tong Gong 'Buddha, Sanskrit, translated as sense, discretionary pruned just called Buddha ...' ⁶ . Buddha is a Sanskrit word transliterated form-meaning Budh know, be aware ... The abbreviations (suffix / suffix)-a verb added to the form Budh- buddha means enlightened बुद्ध (past participle, past verb), who have enlightenment (translated as enlightened beings). If adding a front-to-Budh or prefix (prefix), we form a-Budha अबुध is stupid; The other form of contact is bodhi बोधि (DEF transliteration菩提Bodhi, Japanese bodai or satori) is known probably true (ie the visual translation正觉), bauddha बौद्ध keep in mind (spirit) ... Configuration Sanskrit architecture (multi information) has somewhat affected the process of establishing Han as the phrase ignorance, selfless, boundless, impermanence, unconditioned, no class, amoral, uneducated, invisible, no words, no love, infertility, martial artist, ... etc. .. With endless useless as a suffix-above. 4.2 Obviously Buddha, Buddha is the Sanskrit word typed, so the Buddha, pop, powder and Buddha, Buddha is the only form of music that turned more negative neck (near the most negative Sanskrit) is the Buddha or powder, pop. The trend turned negative from the b-composition scholars have discussed: from the Henri Maspero (in 1912, he observed phenomena separated in Sino-Vietnamese b-ph totally fit differentiation process consonant lip and each tooth of the Chinese Middle Ages), to the United Force, as well as Tai Nguyen ⁷ and Le Van Quan ⁸ . Also contact Budh-Buddha Buddha, we also have the same contact dimensional variables proved negative b> ph as (much)梵transcribed by Brahma (Sanskrit) ब्राह्म; discounts / Sanskrit transliteration also forms such as discounts on drugs, drug abuse flour, she is lowering drugs, one is greedy ghost, ghost ... discounts on shows / Sanskrit ⁹ associated with Buddhism and Indian Buddhism on the school, on the temple dancers (Buddhist shrine monastery), delicious (Buddhist scriptures), poetry (India), Pham Hoang (king of India, Buddha) ... This is understandable because usually Sanskrit scriptures. In this section, Sanskrit (Sanskrit, Sanskrit versus South / Pali) is used as a measure and comparison (control sample) because language is a kind of death (dead language, very few users unless prayer and only in a few places), more important is the Sanskrit very little change (phonetics and grammar) and I have pretty much always verify data to be read and written. Although not recorded Buddha佛is Buddha / Buddha but promised Kidney realize Sanskrit is a form of transliteration of Buddhism (favorite teacher) in Note Van Giai 3837林部:梵:出自西域释书,未详意义 3837 Forest the: Scope / Sanskrit: self-west of the love letter, meaning the wall shows medieval Sanskrit sound like ordinary reader (sailing) by Road Transport: glitzy set, Audio flesh (actually this result does not surprise me because the structure of the text on:林forest with the word flesh凡comedy bar). 4.3   Break / Coffee is threatened or Pha颇罗堕tea leaves are transcribed by Bharadvaja भारद्वाज: one of their six Brahmins (nobility) 4.4  Phum in rural southern village surrounded with bamboo, related to Phum (Khmer language means village). Phumi (PHU ^M mi ^H ) ภูมิ Thai means local, ground, floor; Old English Mon Phum land, as well as Spanish territory of modern subjects, language Chao Bon (Nyah Kur) ..., in my view, the language Phum, Phumi Sanskrit origin BHU भूमि mi (earth, ground, local, territory, country / countries ...). Bhumi is the Sanskrit origin BHU -   भु    (become, becomes: to trở, to grow into); South Sanskrit / Pali BHU Earth. In Buddhist scriptures, BHU mi translated into tenth place as pillars or low (dasabhumi - 10 stages became Buddhist bodhisattva), BHU dana (landowners divided their land to the poor) ... 4.5 gambu or Jambu tree (known Sanskrit is जम्बु rose apple) - Auxiliary consumption transcribed into阎浮树. This plant grows in China but not very common in a tropical country (India, Malaysia ...), like guava trees for shade. Legend has it that Buddha renounce the throne and ordained under this tree. B-consonant (jam bu ) corresponding consonants ph-(Hell match ). 4.6 Contact diachronic (diachronic) between each switch voiced consonants b-bar and ph-hulled very clear when comparing languages Vietnamese and Chinese Vietnamese Housekeeping放(negative outlook design, room design division - Road Transport / Unit) ¹⁰ Housekeeping房(consistent with the design / Unit) snack line Bu snack meals (widowed) women listless break Swimming pool (sea ) ¹¹        phase陂 sale, trade negotiations sadness Sail human sludge wasted Ba beat dad / three women serve Bung Bay non Forcing Happiness Outbreak Phung (Phung Khac Drilling belly is the god of the Le, the village Outbreak) factions (factions ) Beo adventure because / because Buddha Buddha ... etc ... Contact us synchronic (synchronic) b-ph also present but less common as scald burns Breaking minutes ( minutes feather - Vietnam / VN dictionary) Additional (cut) phase (VN dictionary) Rating bulging bag flopped (from grab, onomatopoeia) ... etc. .. 4.7 The word was used in Hau Buddhist hatred - Western Region tales后汉书-西域传: ...宣称三世十方,到处有佛/西方有神,名曰佛... ... eight of the cross confess, own unique Buddhist origin / western theistic, write lists Buddha ... 4.7.1 Like the medieval documents as Journey to the West China ... etc. .. There is much controversy about the origin of the word Buddha: there are Buddhist scholars that the word monosyllabic phrases may be due to (polyphonic) Buddha of which the phoneme - see note at point sources 4.1 above; This may explain the basis of Sanskrit into Chinese polyphonic monophonic sound phenomenon reduced as may happen僧伽Sangha (Samgha संघ) rose to become the double word (Sanskrit case with Chinese characters) as you raise up the room, the monks, clergy, rose plants, rose them, increase punch瞿昙system ... (Go-tama गोतम) is also referred to as Cu in Cu Lao usage; 禅那na meditation (dhyana ध्यान) is referred to as meditation in using meditation, meditation courses, walking meditation, Zen abbot ... Bat is abbreviated by multi bowl la钵多罗(Patra पात्र) and used in the medicine bowl compound, Crouching bowl, portion, good ... bowl (bowl has only expanded definition bowl, bowl ...); Like the abbreviated name of Shakyamuni / Old释迦(Sakya शाक्य) and using as favorite professor (Buddhism), favorite subject, favorite classics, like the word (Buddhist disciples of the Buddha); Repentance is abbreviated忏of thunder (kshama क्षम patience) used in the phrase忏悔penance (repentance Sanskrit exchange with Chinese characters), thunder忏摩, legal忏法repentance, repentance comfort ... etc. ... 4.7 .2 In contrast to previous hypotheses have Buddha Buddha as above, some Buddhist scholars have suggested before or at the same time as the Buddha through the streets (to China) are different. For example, mediated Central Asian languages; This proposal is attractive because of the Silk Road (丝绸之路, excluding Ti Lo / Silk Road) has created many opportunities for activities and cultural exchanges, religion, ancient trade. You Tien Lam Buddhist Studies (1996) have demonstrated that in deed superficial, Buddha Sanskrit polyphonic music has turned into barren But, this is also the author Huynh Ngoc Chien ¹² clearly noted in the article "From Buddha to Buddha and Buddha ". In addition, the results of the studies 'Professor Chen' shows prison term but not the Buddha more common than monosyllables Buddha: this is the Buddhas can be translated directly from Sanskrit local business and directly enter in China. Also as suggested by Professor Sylvain Lévi (1913) ¹³ , Sanskrit local business may be from the Central Asian countries, and in accordance with articles posted online - Buddha monosyllables, but into Chinese (fans) through Other fall but simplicity than phrases Buddha, therefore becoming increasingly popular. 4.7.3 Can Buddhism came to Vietnam before transfer to China not? This is a very different hypothesis 'belief' that the majority of traditional Buddhism from China to Vietnam. Let's review the facts: - Buddha (see Using Markers not) in pop culture or are just gentle Buddha (positive, consistent with the original meaning of buddha, very different from the Chinese Buddha, Buddha read as waving with negative connotations as not, left the ... 'offend' or On or powder (suddenly): this shows that the Chinese do not understand the meaning of the Buddha into Chinese and only 'clones' to follow audio only . Acoustics Buddha (Nom孛powder) close to the sound of Sanskrit Buddha in the Southeast Asian languages, cultures were each word and an idea borrowed from Buddhism as comparison table above . neighboring languages ​​such as Thai, Lao, Khmer, Cham ... still form monosyllabic Buddha / min as well as Hmong (Bi) and Vietnam. using The Buddha, Buddha (with two different meanings as upset , miffed over the Buddha) and the line items in folklore as evidence that the pen can hardly form rejection of Chinese pressure but so is heavy through which thousands of domination and assimilation. If Powder and Powder Da勃陀勃used in Chinese capital from ¹⁴ (instead of Buddha or Buddha) to the present day, the Buddha or Buddhism originated not problematic, but because the sound of the Buddha form variables (see Table Last post list), which can be reset problem. How to use Buddha as Bodhisattva (sage / healing as the Buddha) in Vietnamese have maintained the original meaning of bo (Bodh-negative Sanskrit, intellectual - a form of Budh-know / understand enlightenment) in the form of transcribed Portugal Slapped菩萨,菩提Bodhi. In the document, you see a kanji Buddhist formerly known as line items each directors浮屠道, not show traces of Buddha religious phrase or powder momentum and become a Buddhist teacher. Han Bo just use direct transliteration (Transliteration) is not understood forms of Buddhism Buddha casts have the same root! Negative tendency naturally over time (diachronic) makes us very difficult to identify the source of the sound: to the right of the French high as Buttons The Master Xuanzang also commented that 'Sanskrit stone powder, Crouching so Buddha strategy ' . - Editor's presence quite clear powder used in ancient documents as covered Nom Con (Mac Dinh Chi 1280-1350), Residential Lac Dao Tran (King Tran Nhan Tong 1258-1308 ), Gulf of Van Yen Tu (Venerable Huyen Quang, 1300) ... Until the dictionary Vietnamese Bo La (Alexandre de Rhodes, 1651) is still commonly used as the word Buddha, but less and less used and replaced by Buddhas. This gives us the basis hypothesize Buddha has been used (popular) in Vietnam early AD. Profound influence on later language from Chinese culture (especially since the Tang Tong reflected sound while maintaining medieval Buddhism in Vietnamese) wipes but can not be erased completely (whether accidentally or intentionally) traces and contribute to the culture of the Old South East Asia, but fewer people are aware of. - more important is to turn negative b> ph as noted above, and therefore has the ability to enter the language buddha Vietnam (Stock) * bud-the first, then the flour into Chinese, on and starts, Buddha (Medieval Chinese pronunciation). Yin Buddhist Vietnamese to enter back into the system from the total supply curve as most of the other Chinese Vietnamese: enter the reverse (back-loan) is similar but 12 animal names occur later. Layman Le Cong Tam Da Ha also written about Buddhism ability to Vietnam before (not from China via) - Hypotheses on the Buddha, the Buddha and the Buddha is very interesting topics need to be investigated careful study and more data (unearthed) ¹⁵ to more convincing; We are beyond the scope of this article (part 1) this. It shows clearly from the above facts, the Buddha is a form of ancient (pre) than Buddhist (Chinese medieval music) but the same Sanskrit root, well suited to the natural process of language sounds. The diffusion path of Buddhism.END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTMENT.WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=THE EIGHTFOLD PATH.NAM MO SAKYA MUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.14/7/2014.