About the Sources of chapters, MO .

In Buddhist temples in China and Vietnam, some kind of gas law as bells, drums, wooden bell is used to solemn place ashrams, or add nuance while chanting ceremony music, ceremony repentance, sermon etc. .. These cars appeared in public? To what purpose? ... French gas types: those for dignified, kind to worship Buddha, to indicate the type. Instrument used to tell time in a monastery called Peak mace. According to the Scriptures, Law (Chinese organ) has been translated, Peak mace is common only for the kind words: bells, drums ... I. Bell Bell is detected at Chang'an (about 1000 BC - TTL, while Zhou Zhao Wang) earliest kind in China. PG of China issued the monastery bell at any time, there is currently no documentation confirming found. However, in order to advance their traceability can rely on a number of documents. Hoang Minh Quang book collection (No. 2103) in the Great Chief tonnes from Tripitaka sometimes write that in Korea (420-479) had much steeple. In Thien Hoa Thursday (566) North European life, all teachers demonstrate II carved on three big bell largest at that time. Two of the three were cast in 579 and 665 TL. Story high rise continuously record 5th year depending Great Career (609), Tri Hung received his concern at the temple bell Meditation in the capital Chang'an. During this period onwards, Northern European cast bell incessantly to secure place in monasteries. ancient times have used two types of bells in temples, monasteries:      1. General section (chapters): also known as "mass", "bell", "common flowers" or "general resistance". This bell is cast iron and bronze green phase at. Normally bell 1.5m tall, about 6 inches in diameter. This kind of hung in the bell tower, bell purpose is to set a public way or the early evening newspaper. Vietnamese people often use the word "big bell" ringing loudly just to kind of, almost no longer be specifies how much more narrow width. Bell also known as U proving ring.      2. General sale (small bell): As large dimension by only 1/2 chapters, so-called semi-joint, also known as "general elementary" - (see photo inside ). Bell often cast bronze, about 6 to 8 inches high, usually at an angle to the main hall and is used in the conference sessions, so also known as "common worship." The Vietnam as well as other countries today make many types of flexible bell shape "general sale", but there is no fixed size. Additionally, in the heyday of Zen Buddhism, Zen ring road safety in mind , known as the "ringing Increase sugar", "bell boy"; bell to the main hall called "electric bell" ... Those who worry that this bell calls "the first general". Regarding bell, ancient Chinese custom each sect, each locality that have different rules, but generally the start time to 3 hours and ended up hitting fast 2 hours or 3 hours in nine categories for the small bell while chanting. commonly known as Number 18 ; also the time to 36 hours, 108 hours. language denotes Some 108 practitioners attempt to run away with sorrow in our hearts 108. Eighteen hours is indicated based on the purification of 6, 6 and 6 form the ceiling. II . Drum Drum is one of the musical instrument, usually made ​​of rocks, trees, and etc. .. Material literature related to "drum" in China is very rich. According to Ming road book signing ceremony part, since TTL 2300 years ago, they had kind of country in which the back up. ancient Chinese used it for ceremonial occasions, prom ... Type has big, small, or hang on a rack ... drum to drum called a pipe, called in the small, hang to hang drum beat called ... In particular, a number of major categories by the sages created, and some more due to the transfer from the West region. In Monasteries, along with bell drum is placed on either side of the main hall placement "Description shareholding." In Buddhism, Shurangama recorded at Buddha's childhood, drum used to signal meal time (real size measures), potash. said Law Section Five bhikshus time to recite but not right now assembled, Buddha Peak mace should beat, beat drums etc. .. The main purpose is not to gather them apart Increase. Tang From the following, according to the rules of sound meditation subjects, drums is one of the effective methods used for air soon alerts the late, up to. Later Chinese Buddhism advance another step rhythm coordination, merges with the drum sound acclaim, popular songs into dance, expression "technical music offerings, solemn ashrams", using sound as Buddhist, support mass from the lens center to the Three Jewels. III. Mo: Mo has 2 types: 1. kind of a fish hanging in the warehouse long straight, the time to eat a meal porridge to signal its type. 2. fish scaly type roll, while chanting the typing it. According meditation book signing radio Wutai Mountain (book 3, Hy Tong Tong Shen 5th day of Ninh year August 8) records: In Thanh Thai temple worshiping him Deputy Grand Master, the abbot of the Presbyterian Review mõ to gather together the Dominicans, he was the Deputy Chief of him ... The officer that he wanted to meet the head monk spoke highly of paint, just tapping the gong, and you listening closely to her gong. Later , large and small monasteries were used to characterize the foot of the mountain to gather mass. Again some have argued that the scale is by Sa Chi Lam Tang subjects created, but due to the limitations of historical documents prove this theory difficult for everyone. Additionally, teachers increased from flexible payment policy rules (the lower atmosphere, the French air) recorded a legend that monks protest by teachers, canceling the legal body that makes fish sink, on the back it grows a tree, when winds blew, causing blood relatives, real suffering immensely. Once, master guru over the sea, that it's causing the debt immediately want to say that teachers do not teach it to bring to bear as fish this body, so it should now wants revenge. teacher asked what name it, and he was named thyroid tissue response ... Then, you tell repentance because it promoted the same. Soon it was night escape fish, plants and bring him away in the temple, he took roughly the shape of a fish and hook up to the vigil mass. fats round which today can be produced using materials from the Ming Dynasty (China). According to the book Three of the authors tai Social Integration of the Ming Dynasty Great reads: "Mo is the kind that uses a tree carved fish-shaped, hollow inside, typing will make a noise, the chanting Buddhists customers are used to it". According to the weak Like the exhibition, Bell, Independence, caustic, the timber, mining, chopping boards have the ability to emit a sound when typing in and by which mass is gathered, the kind that are so-called Peak mace. Lust Book mature tu Bach Air France said the program provided a meal, when universal appeal Sangha ... are typing it. From beginning to understand each band (type 1) is used to gather Sangha ., but why take the 2 types of tissues are shaped fish? Bach Book Lust mature religious rules that legend says fish are provinces around the clock, so carved fish when tap on it to remind myself awake , do not have sloth, lazy. Again the gong with the main purpose is to keep the soup to the public at the rhythmic chanting. fourth. few other ideas ancient times, not only China, but India and a Other countries also have used bells, drums ... In India using bells, drums to press time, warning. When the Buddha was alive, we used it to gather Increase Bodhisattva, hear legal ... The record therefore law Five "Bodhisattva bhikshus, any time we file spokesman: mace sued disadvantages, shortcomings had ...". According to the book A Dictionary of Symbols (London, 1962, page 23) that form bell shape of the image comes from the sky taken. sounds of the bell is a symbol of creative energy. hanging bell symbolizes the mystery of heaven and earth. has said India using bells on the 2000 years before. Perhaps bell widely used in court, especially in the temples. artistic forms such as chime sculpture appeared at the beginning of Buddhism are found on the bas-relief at the pillar of Ashoka (Asoka) and the tower Buddha relics. Not only in India but also neighboring countries heavily influenced the culture of India as Sri Lanka, Myanmar also use bell and later the drums again, to manifest sincerity of the prayer, especially when used to terminate a course feast. During the anniversary of the Buddha, the bell is used with a number of other instruments such as drums, flutes expression of reverence to the Buddha. Saddharmlankra work (a religious literary works of medieval Sri Lanka) note that the first bell used in Sri Lanka on special occasions such as increase our convene . Later it gradually became part of the ritual offerings to the Buddha music. Tibet PG Devotees believe that when they mantras, ringing in the strength of their rotation, but the mantra will want to place thousands directions , alleviate the suffering of life. therefore Tibetan Buddhist hand bell manufactured in various sizes for both believers and recitation of the big bell to roll Quakers. , of course, the kind of empty ringing in the Indian youth not identical to the original type drum bell today in China or Vietnam. ancient China, only to be used to empty into war ended. Bells (a form of gong) is used as a sign of withdrawal military. well in the majority to convene three military generals or officers in the county's petition. drum type are widely used in the world after officials decided to issue legal sinners in the way. summary, from the empty bell old has been used in royal festivities and keep critical role in music. Through this, it is one of the musical instruments used to express and exchange thoughts, feelings, using in combat, sacrifice, in the area of religion etc. .. chapters are included in PG since Buddha was born with the purpose of gathering money they increase. Later, bells, drums, wooden bell is used in ceremonies to solemn ashrams, as reports signal the early evening. then another step forward, coordination bells, drums, MO, United and acclaim to assist the public in practice, as the Buddhist population benefit birth, direct them to the shore of enlightenment. END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY =THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTMENT.WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.20/12/2013.NAM MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).